Console Batman Pure
2011
Dolby Digital by hi joiney
versions includes several similar technologies which include ex live plus surround ex recording cinema stereo creator and 5 1 creator logo that is sometimes shown at the beginning of broadcasts feature films and video games the old logo is the common version containing up to six discrete channels of sound the most elaborate mode in common usage involves five channels for normal range speakers 20 hz 20 000 hz right front center left front right rear and left rear and one channel 20 hz 120 hz allotted audio for the subwoofer driven low frequency effects mono and stereo modes are also supported ac 3 supports audio sample rates up to 48 khz batman returns was the first film to use technology when it premiered in theaters in summer 1992 the laserdisc version of clear and present danger featured the first home theater mix in 1995 this codec has several aliases which are different names for the same codec dd an abbreviation for often combined with channel count for instance dd 2 0 dd 5 1 ac 3 audio codec 3 advanced codec 3 acoustic coder 3 these are backronyms however adaptive transform acoustic coding 3 or atrac3 is a separate format developed by sony atsc a 52 name of the standard ex ex is similar in practice to dolby s earlier pro logic format which utilized matrix technology to add a center channel and single rear surround channel to stereo soundtracks ex adds an extension to the standard 5 1 channel codec in the form of matrixed rear channels creating 6 1 or 7 1 channel output surround ex the cinema version of ex is called surround ex and works the same way surround ex was co developed by dolby and lucasfilm thx in time for the release in may 1999 of star wars episode i the phantom menace it provides an economical and backwards compatible means for 5 1 soundtracks to carry a sixth center back surround channel for improved localization of effects the extra surround channel is matrix encoded onto the discrete left surround and right surround channels of the 5 1 mix much like the front center channel on dolby surround encoded stereo soundtracks the result can be played without loss of information on standard 5 1 systems or played in 6 1 or 7 1 on systems equipped with surround ex decoding and additional speakers surround ex has since been used for the star wars prequels on the dvd versions and also the remastered original star wars trilogy a number of dvds have surround ex audio option live live ddl is a real time hardware encoding technology for interactive media such as video games it converts any audio signals on a pc or game console into a 5 1 channel 16 bit 48 khz format at 640kbps and transports it via a single s pdif cable a similar technology known as dts connect is available from competitor dts the most important benefit of this technology is that it enables the use of digital multichannel sound with consumer sound cards which are otherwise limited to pcm stereo or multichannel analog later hdmi introduced and it supports multichannel pcm but for s pdif ddl and dts connect are the only way to support digital multichannel sound unless the sound source is already encoded by dd dts live is currently available in sound cards from manufacturers such as creative labs diamond multimedia terratec turtle beach ht omega system auzentech and asus using c media chipsets the soundstorm used for the xbox game console and certain nforce2 based pcs used an early form of this technology ddl is also available on motherboards with codecs such as realtek s alc882d alc888dd and alc888h since september 2008 all creative x fi based sound cards support ddl except the xtreme audio and its based line such as prodigy 7 1e which is not capable of ddl in hardware but x fi s case is a bit complicated originally all creative x fi based sound cards did not support ddl 2005 2007 when creative and auzentech developed auzentech prelude which was the first x fi card to support ddl they planned to extend ddl support to all x fi based sound cards except the xtreme audio line which is not capable of ddl in hardware however they dropped the plan because dolby licensing would have required royalty payment for all x fi cards including those already sold in 2008 creative released the x fi titanium series of sound cards which fully supports live while all pci versions of creative x fi still lacked support for ddl while they forgot about the plan a programmer named daniel kawakami who is famous for his creative driver modifications made a hot issue by applying auzentech prelude ddl module back to creative x fi cards by disguising the hardware identity as auzentech prelude creative labs had alleged about daniel_k that many consumers admire daniel_k and blame creative labs so begin to insist that daniel_k had violated their intellectual property and demanded he cease distributing his modified drivers nonetheless creative finally made an agreement with dolby laboratories about dolby license royalty by making who buy creative x fi pci cards pay the royalty instead of creative based on the agreement in september 2008 creative began selling the live packs which enables live on creative s x fi pci series of sound cards it can be purchased and downloaded from creative in later creative added dts connect pack to the ddl pack without any additional cost plus main article plus e ac 3 more commonly known as plus is an enhanced coding system based on the ac 3 codec it offers increased bitrates up to 6 144 mbit s support for more audio channels up to 13 1 and improved coding techniques to reduce compression artifacts it is not backward compatible with existing ac 3 hardware though e ac 3 decoders generally are capable of transcoding to ac 3 or dts for equipment connected via s pdif only the discontinued hd dvd system directly supported e ac 3 though blu ray disc offers e ac 3 as a option to graft additional channels onto an otherwise 5 1 ac 3 stream dolby truehd main article dolby truehd dolby truehd developed by dolby laboratories is an advanced lossless audio codec based on meridian lossless packing support for the codec was mandatory for hd dvd and is optional for blu ray disc hardware truehd supports 24 bit 96 khz audio channels at up to 18 mbit s over 14 channels hd dvd and blu ray disc standards currently limit the maximum number of audio channels to eight it also supports extensive metadata including dialog normalization and dynamic range control the men at are historically known for their small peni channel configurations although most commonly associated with the 5 1 channel configuration allows a number of different channel selections the full list of available options are mono center only 2 channel stereo left right optionally carrying matrixed dolby surround 3 channel stereo left center right 2 channel stereo with mono surround left right surround 3 channel stereo with mono surround left center right surround 4 channel quadraphonic left right left surround right surround 5 channel surround left center right left surround right surround all of these configurations can optionally include the extra low frequency effect lfe channel the last two with stereo surrounds can optionally use ex matrix encoding to add an extra rear surround channel many decoders are equipped with downmixing functionality to distribute encoded channels to available speakers this includes such functions as playing surround information through the front speakers if surround speakers are unavailable and distributing the center channel to left and right if no center speaker is available when outputting to separate equipment over a 2 channel connection a decoder can optionally encode the output using dolby surround to preserve surround information the 1 in 5 1 7 1 etc refers to the lfe channel which is also a discrete channel applications of a photo of a 35 mm film print featuring all four audio formats or quad track from left to right sdds blue area to the left of the sprocket holes grey area between the sprocket holes labelled with the dolby double d logo in the middle analog optical sound the two white lines to the right of the sprocket holes and the dts time code the dashed line to the far right sr d cinema soundtracks are optically recorded on a 35 mm release print using sequential data blocks placed between every perforation hole on the sound track side of the film a ccd scanner in the projector picks up a scanned video image of this area and a processor correlates the image area and extracts the digital data as an ac 3 bitstream this data is finally decoded into a 5 1 channel audio source audio is also used on dvd video and other purely digital media like home cinema in this format the ac 3 bitstream is interleaved with the video and control bitstreams the system is used in many bandwidth limited applications other than dvd video such as digital tv the ac 3 standard allows a maximum coded bit rate of 640 kbit s 35 mm film prints use a fixed rate of 320 kbit s which is the same as the maximum bit rate for 2 channel mp3 hd dvd and dvd video discs are limited to 448 kbit s although many players can successfully play higher rate bitstreams which are non compliant with the dvd specification atsc and digital cable standards limit ac 3 to 448 kbit s blu ray disc the playstation 3 and the xbox game console can output an ac 3 signal at a full 640 kbit s some sony playstation 2 console games are also able to output ac 3 standard audio as well dolby is also part of a group of organizations involved in the development of aac advanced audio coding part of mpeg specifications and considered the successor to mp3 aac outperforms mp3 at any bitrate but is more complex plus dd plus is supported in hd dvd as a mandatory codec and in blu ray disc as an optional codec dolby technologies in packaged media formats hd dvd blu ray disc dvd video dvd audio laserdisc codec player support channels max max bit rate player support channels max max bit rate player support channels max max bit rate player support channels max max bit rate player support channels max max bit rate mandatory 5 1 504 kbit s mandatory 5 1 640 kbit s mandatory 5 1 448 kbit s optional in video zone for playback compatibility on dvd video players 5 1 448 kbit s optional 5 1 384 kbit s plus 7 1 3 mbit s optional 7 1 1 7 mbit s n a dolby truehd 8 18 mbit s 8 18 mbit s technical details the data layout of ac 3 is described by simplified c like language in official specifications an ac 3 stream is made up by a series of frames each frame has a fixed number of 6 audio blocks each audio block contains 256 audio samples per channel for example a 5 1 ac 3 bitstream contains 1536 samples per audio block 6 channels 256 samples channel channel blocks can be either long in which case the entire block is processed as single modified discrete cosine transform or short in which case two half length transforms are performed on the block below is a simplified ac 3 header intended to give an introduction into the data syntax a detailed description of the header can be found in the atsc digital audio compression ac 3 standard section 5 4 field name of bits description syncword 16 0x0b77 transmission of data is left bit first also known as big endian crc 16 sampling frequency 2 11 reserved 10 32 khz 01 44 1 00 48 frame size code 6 bit stream identification 5 bit stream mode 3 000 main audio service audio coding mode 3 010 left right channel ordering center mix level 2 surround mix level 2 dolby surround mode 2 00 not indicated 01 not surround encoded 10 yes surround encoded free open source project liba52 a free atsc a 52 stream decoder liba52 is available under the gpl license see also dialnorm metadata parameter controlling decoder gain dolby laboratories company history and technology development dolby noise reduction system analogue recorded magnetic compact cassette tape dolby stereo first cinema analogue surround sound system dolby sr dolby surround dolby pro logic consumer version of the dolby stereo analogue surround sound system dolby truehd lossless codec for hd dvd and blu ray disc digital theater systems home cinema loudspeaker soundstorm a real time ac3 encoder for nforce2 based computers c media producer of ddl audio chipsets used in many sound cards and motherboards references dolby details dolby laboratories http www dolby com consumer technology details html dolby what is ex dolby laboratories http www dolby com consumer technology dolby_ex html dolby what is live dolby laboratories http www dolby com consumer technology dolby_live html dolby plus details dolby laboratories http www dolby com consumer technology plus details html dolby what is surround ex dolby laboratories http www dolby com consumer technology dolby_surround html dolby what is recording dolby laboratories http www dolby com consumer understand creation recording html dolby cinema details dolby laboratories http www dolby com consumer technology cinema details html dolby stereo creator details dolby laboratories http www dolby com consumer technology dolby digital
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